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In this article you will learn that tables have many uses in HTML. The most obvious is a table of data, but tables can also be used to place graphics on a page at just the right spot or to format text and form input boxes, or simulate columns.
Table format is widely used in webpage designing and provide you with greater control over displaying of information on web page. They allow you to create boundaries that make positioning easier.
Tables
<table> </table>
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table data," which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
Row Tag
Each table has at least one row and within that row are columns or what is also referred to as cells.
<tr>...</tr>
You can have N number of rows in your table.
Table Heading Tag
A table can have heading. Headings in a table are defined with the help of <th> tag.
<th>...</th>
Column/Cell tag
You have columns in your table where you can have your text, image etc.
<td>...</td>
HTML coding to create a simple table:
<html>
<head>
<title>Tables in HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
How to create table in HTML</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>
Names
</th>
<th>
Designation
</th>
<th>
Salary
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Rocky
</td>
<td>
Assistant
</td>
<td>
$2300
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Peter
</td>
<td>
Manager
</td>
<td>
$5700
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Samantha
</td>
<td>
Teacher
</td>
<td>
$7600
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Catherine
</td>
<td>
President
</td>
<td>
$4500
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Michael
</td>
<td>
Author
</td>
<td>
$3700
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Adding Table Borders
You can create border for the table. You have include border attribute in the opening table tag. You can also add color attribute to the border. So in the above table the code would be adjusted accordingly:
<html>
<head>
<title>Tables in HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
How to create table in HTML</h1>
<table border="2" bordercolor="blue">
<tr>
<th>
Names
</th>
<th>
Designation
</th>
<th>
Salary
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Rocky
</td>
<td>
Assistant
</td>
<td>
$2300
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Peter
</td>
<td>
Manager
</td>
<td>
$5700
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Samantha
</td>
<td>
Teacher
</td>
<td>
$7600
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Catherine
</td>
<td>
President
</td>
<td>
$4500
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Michael
</td>
<td>
Author
</td>
<td>
$3700
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Adjusting Table Cell Spacing and Cell Padding
You can increase the space within the table cells and the space between the cells by using the cell padding and cell spacing attributes.
The cell spacing attribute adjusts the space between the cells and cell padding adjusts the space within (around) the cell.
<table border="2" bordercolor="red" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
Implement this line code into your previous code and see the change:
<html>
<head>
<title>Tables in HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
How to create table in HTML</h1>
<table border="2" bordercolor="red" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<th>
Names
</th>
<th>
Designation
</th>
<th>
Salary
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Rocky
</td>
<td>
Assistant
</td>
<td>
$2300
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Peter
</td>
<td>
Manager
</td>
<td>
$5700
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Samantha
</td>
<td>
Teacher
</td>
<td>
$7600
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Catherine
</td>
<td>
President
</td>
<td>
$4500
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Michael
</td>
<td>
Author
</td>
<td>
$3700
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Specifying a Table Width
You can specify the width of a table by using either a percentage or a pixel width.
<table width="100%" border="2" bordercolor="red" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
When you set the width of the table as 100% it will take the entire screen space and the columns will be adjusted evenly. Use the previous code and make the changes and see the output.
Specifying a Table Height
You can also set the table height by adding the height tag to the table code.
<table width="100%" height="500" border="2" bordercolor="red" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
You can specify the table width and height in percentage of pixel. Mostly people prefer percentage because it will adjust accordingly irrespective of the monitor size.
Setting Column Widths
It is not always necessary that you would want all the columns of same size. You can change the column width of individual column.
<td width="30%">Rocky</td> <td width="50%">Assistant</td> <td width="20%">$2300</td>
Add the above code in one row and see the output changes. You can specify the width either in percentage or pixel.
Column/cell tag and its attributes
You can also use other attributes in the column/cell tag, such as:
align: sets your text or image to left, center or right
valign: sets your content vertically to top, center or bottom
rowspan: expands over multiple rows
colspan: expands across multiple columns/cells
Align attribute
Leaving your text or image to the left of your column is usually pretty boring, so the align attribute lets you center things, using "center" or place them to the right, using "right".
<th align="center">Names</th> <th align="right">Designation</th> <th align="left">Salary</th>
In the above code I have include all three horizontal alignment left, right and center. By default the alignment is left.
Valign attribute
When placing copy in a column, the browser will automatically place it in the center of the column. You can change this default by using the valign
attributes of "top", "center" or "bottom".
<td valign="top">Rocky</td> <td valign="bottom">Assistant</td> <td valign="center">$2300</td>
In the above code I have include all three vertical alignment top, bottom and center. By default the vertical alignment is center.
Row Span
rowspan is used to expands over multiple rows
<td rowspan="2" width="30%" valign="top">Rocky</td> <td width="50%" valign="bottom">Assitant</td> <td width="20%" align="center">$2300</td>
Column Span
colspan expands across multiple columns/cells
<td colspan="2">Michael</td> <td>Author</td> <td>$3700</td>
Hope this article would have helped you in understanding table and now you can use it to full effectiveness.
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