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This article is based on a pre-release version of Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, formerly code-named “Whidbey.†All information contained herein is subject to change.
This article discusses:
- File System Management and its uses
- File Permissions
- File modes, File Access, File Shares
File Management in Whidbey/VB.NET the beating heart of the technologies that comprise Windows Forms. This article explains various file management operations such as read or write, retrieving properties or setting the properties or copy or move a file using the Whidbey/Visual Studio.NET environment. I hope this will helpful to understand the operation of managing a file.
System.IO.namespace
The input/output operation of file management is handled by the classes in the System.IO.namespace. The System.IO.namespace supports the following activities:
- Reading and writing to binary files, text files etc.
- Reading and writing to data streams
- Basic file support
- Directory support
- Memory streams
- Network streams
You have to include this namespace to your project.
Classes that supports System.IO.namespace
The following classes will support System.IO.namespace in VB.NET.
1. The class Binary Reader used for Reads primitive data types as binary values. Primitive data types are those that are not defined in terms of other data types. Because primitive data types are the basis for all other types, they cannot have element content or attributes. Examples of primitive data types are string, float, decimal, anyURI, and QName.
Usage:
Dim objBinReader as New BinaryReader(File.Open _ ("C:\mysamplefile.txt", FileMode.Open))
2. The class BinaryWriter used for writes primitive data types as binary values to a stream.
Usage:
Dim objBinWriter as New BinaryWriter(File.Open _ ("C:\mysamplefile.txt", FileMode.Create))
3. The class BufferedStream used for buffering to another stream for read and write operations.
Usage:
' Create an NetworkStream object "objNetStream" that owns clientSocket
Dim objNetStream As New NetworkStream(ClientSocket, True)
' Create an BufferedStream object
' "objBufStream" on top of the NetworkStream
Dim objBufStream as New _ BufferedStream(objNetStream, _ intStreamBufferSize)
Note: The NetworkStream class provides methods for sending and receiving data over Stream sockets in blocking mode
4. The class Directory used for creating, copying, moving, deleting and renaming directories and sub directories. The Directory class includes the System.IO namespace.
Some of the public methods used for Directory class is described as follows.
- CreateDirectory - Creates a new directory in a specified path.
- Delete - Delete the directory from the specified path
- Exists - Checks whether the associated directories exists in the specific path.
- GetCreationTime - Get the creation time of directory
- GetCreationTimeUtc - Get the creation time in universal coordinated time
- GetCurrentDirectory - Get the current working directory of the application
- GetDirectories - Gets the name of subdirectories in the working folder
- GetDirectoryRoot - Get root and volume information for the specified path
- GetFiles - Get or returns all the files listed in the specified directory.
- GetFileSytemEntries - Get or returns all the files and sub directories listed in the specified directory.
- GetLastAccessTime - Last access date and time of the specified directory
- GetLastAccessTimeUtc - Last access date and time of the specified directory in universal coordinator time (UTC) format.
- GetLastWriteTime - Last written date and time of a specified directory.
- GetLastWriteTimeUtc - Last written date and time of a specified directory in universal coordinator time (UTC).
- GetLogicalDrives - Get all the logical drives on the computer.
- GetParent - Get the absolute and relative path of the parent directory.
- Move - Move the specific directory to another location
- SetCreationTime - Sets the creation date and time for the specified directory or file.
- SetCreationTimeUtc - Sets the creation date and time for the specified directory or file in universal coordinated time format.
- SetCurrentDirectory - Sets the current directory to a specified directory in an application path.
- SetLastAccessTime - Sets the last access date and time for the specified directory or file.
Usage:
' Checking whether the directory exists in the specified path
Dim strMyPath As String = "C:\mySample"
If Directory.Exists(strMyPath) = True Then
Directory.Delete(strMyPath)
Else
Directory.CreateDirectory(strMyPath)
End If
5. The class DirectoryInfo used the same functionality as Directory class except if you are not going to reuse an object several times.
6. The class DirectoryNotFoundException throws exception error when the file or directory not found in the
specified path.
7. The class EndOfStreamException throws exception error at the past the end of a stream.
8. The class ErrorEventArgs provides data for Error event.
Usage:
' Checking whether the directory exists in the specified path
Dim strMyPath As String = "C:\mySample"
' Initializes the "objException" Exception object
Dim objException As New Exception("Cannot create Directory")
' Creates an ErrorEventArgs with the exception.
Dim objErrorEventArgs As New ErrorEventArgs(objException)
If Directory.Exists(strMyPath) = True Then
Directory.Delete(strMyPath)
Else
Directory.CreateDirectory(strMyPath)
End If
' Retrieves Exception from ErrorEventArgs
Dim objReturnedException As Exception = objErrorEventArgs.GetException()
If objReturnedException.Message <> "" Then
MessageBox.Show(objReturnedException.Message
End If
End Sub
9. The class File provides to manage the file manipulation operations such as Creating, Opening, Deleting, Copying and Moving of files using FileStream objects. File class methods are static.
Some of the Public Methods used with File class is as follows:
- AppendText
- Copy
- Create
- CreateText
- Delete
- Exists
- GetAttributes
- GetCreationTime
- GetCreationTimeUtc
- GetLastAccessTime
- GetLastAccessTimeUtc
- GetLastWriteTime
- Move
- Open
- OpenRead
- OpenText
- OpenWrite
- SetAttributes
- SetCreationTime
- SetCreationTimeUtc
- SetLastAccessTime
- SetLastAccessTimeUtc
- SetLastWriteTime
- SetLastWriteTimeUtc
Usage:
' Initializing File class aids in the creation of FileStream objects
Try
Dim strMyPath As String = "C:\Benoy\temp.txt"
Dim strMyCopyPath As String = _"C:\Benoy\temp1.txt"
Dim objFS As FileStream = _ File.Create(strMyPath)
' Closing the file
objFS.Close()
' Copy the file
File.Copy(strMyPath,strMyCopyPath
' Delete the file
File.Delete(strMyPath)
Catch
MessageBox.Show("Error in File Operation")
End Try
10. The class FileInfo provides the same file management operation as in File class such as Creating, Opening, Deleting, Copying and Moving of files using FileStream objects, except if you are not reusing the object several times because the security check is not always necessary.
11. The class FileLoadException throws exception error if any error occurs during File Load.
Some of the public methods used with this class are shown below:
- FileName - The associated filename that causes exception.
- FusionLog - Get the log file.
- HelpLink - Help Link association during exception error.
- InnerException - An inner exception that caused the current exception.
- Message - Exception Error Message.
- Source - Error Source.
- StackTrace - The associated string representation of the frames on the call stack.
- TargetSite - The associated method name that causes exception.
12. The FileNotFoundException class throws the exception error when the associated file is not found in the specified path or invalid disk access. The public methods are same as FileLoadException class.
13. The FileStream class supports to read, write, open and close the file management operations as well as it supports to manage the operating system file operations such as pipes, standard input and output.
14. The FileSystemEventArgs class provides data for the directory events as shown below.
- Changed event handler fires the properties or security details such as size, system attributes, last write time, last access time, whenever a file is changed or updated.
- Created event handler fires whenever a directory or file created in a specified path.
- Deleted event handler fires whenever a file or directory is deleted from the specified path.
15. The FileSystemInfo class supports the public methods which you can use for both files and directory in the specified path, which serving as the basis for two objects such as FileInfo and DirectoryInfo, which we understand from above.
16. The FileSystemWatcher class allows to notify or fires any changes occurs in the file system or directory such as a file or directory changed, deleted or created.
The figure 1 shows the NotifyFilter properties, that you can use to watch the notifications.
Figure 1 NotifyFilter Properties
Usage:
' Create a new FileSystemWatcher and its properties
Try
Dim objFileSystemWatcher as New _ FileSystemWatcher()
' Watch the notification for LastAccess and LastWrite, FileName, CrationTime and the renaming of files and directories
objFileSystemWatcher.NotifyFilter = (NotifyFilters.LastWrite Or
NotifyFilters.LastAccess Or
NotifyFilters.FileName Or NotifyFilters.DirectoryName Or NotifyFilters.FileName Or
NotifyFilters.CreationTime)
' Only watch doc files
objFileSystemWatcher.Filter = "*.doc"
' Add event handlers
AddHandler objFileSystemWatcher.Changed, AddressOf OnChanged
AddHandler objFileSystemWatcher.Created, AddressOf OnCreated
AddHandler objFileSystemWatcher.Deleted, AddressOf OnChanged
AddHandler objFileSystemWatcher.Renamed, AddressOf OnChanged
' Begin watching event for changed, deleted, renamed and created
objFileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = True
' Define the event handlers.
Private Shared Sub OnChanged(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As FileSystemEventArgs)
' Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
MessageBox.Show("File: " & e.FullPath & " " & e.ChangeType)
End Sub
Private Shared Sub OnCreated(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As RenamedEventArgs)
' Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
MessageBox.Show("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath)
Catch
MessageBox.Show("Error in File Operation")
End Try
17. The InternalBufferOverFlowException class throws exception when the buffer overflows during execution of the programs. It supports some of the public methods as shown in the FileLoadException class except FusionLog and FileName, which you saw above.
18. The IOException class throws exception when Input/Output error occurs. . It supports some of the public methods as shown in the FileLoadException class except FusionLog and FileName, which you saw above.
19. The MemoryStream class creates streams that have memory as an array instead of a disk or any storage media. It can reduce the need for temporary buffers and files in an application.
Usage:
Try
' Create a new instance of MemoryStream object
Dim objMemoryStream As New MemoryStream(200)
' Create an instance of UnicodeEncoding
Dim objUnicodeEncoding As New UnicodeEncoding
' Create array of string variables.
Dim strMyText As Byte() = _
objUnicodeEncoding.GetBytes("File Management using Whidbey/VB.NET")
objMemoryStream.Write(strMyText, 0, strMyText.Length)
MessageBox.Show(" _
"Capacity = {0}, " _
"Length = {1}, " _
"Position = {2}", _
objMemoryStream.Capacity.ToString(), _
objMemoryStream.Length.ToString(), _
objMemoryStream.Position.ToString())
Catch
MessageBox.Show("Error in File Operation")
End Try
20. Other class members for this namespaces are
- Path
- PathTooLongException
- RenamedEventArgs
- Stream
- StreamReader class
- StreamWriter
- StringReader
- StringWriter
- TextReader
- TextReader
System.Security.Permissions
The enumeration to get or set file permissions in VB.net is called FileIOPermissionAccess enumerations, which used with the FileIOPermission class. The system namespace used for this enumeration is System.Security.Permissions namespace, which implements IUnrestrictedPermission interface, which defines classes that control access to operations and resources based on permission policy.
Classes that supports System.Security.Permissions
The following classes will support System.Security.Permissions in VB.NET.
CodeAccessSecurityAttribute
EnvironmentPermission
EnvironmentPermissionAttribute
FileDialogPermission
FileDialogPermissionAttribute
FileIOPermission
FileDialogPermission
FileIOPermissionAttribute
IsolatedStorageFilePermission
IsolatedStorageFilePermissionAttribute
IsolatedStoragePermission
IsolatedStoragePermissionAttribute
PermissionSetAttribute
PrincipalPermission
PrincipalPermissionAttribute
PublishedIdentityPermission
PublishedIdentityPermissionAttribute
ReflectionPermission
ReflectionPermissionAttribute
RegistryPermission
RegistryPermissionAttribute
ResourcePermission
ResourcePermissionEntry
SecurityAttribute
SecurityPermission
SecurityPermissionAttribute
SiteIdentityPermission
SiteIdentityPermissionAttribute
StrongNameIdentityPermission
StrongNameIdentityPermissionAttribute
StrongNamePublicKeyBlob
UIPermission
UIPermissionAttribute
UrlIdentityPermission
UrlIdentityPermissionAttribute
ZoneIdentityPermission
ZoneIdentityPermissionAttribute
Mode, Share and Access of Files
FileMode
FileMode parameter control has the following members:
- Append - Append to an existing file or create a new file if the file not exists
- Create - Create a new file
- Open - Open the file
- OpenCreate - Open a file if exists or it will create a file
- Truncate - Remove all the contents so that its size is zero bytes
Example:
Dim objStreamReader
As New StreamReader("C:\benoy\Mytext.txt")
MessageBox.Show(objStreamReader.ReadToEnd()
objStreamReader.Close()
FileShare
FileShare enumeration allows you to control the share permission to access the FileStreams.
Some of the members included in the FileShare enumerations are Read, ReadWrite, Write, None, Inheritable etc.
Read command allows you to opening the file for reading.
ReadWrite command allows you to opening the file for reading and writing.
Write command allows you to opening the file for writing.
Dim objFileStream As New
FileStream("C:\benoy\Mytext.txt", _
FileMode.OpenOrCreateOpen,
FileAccess.ReadWrite,
FileShare.ReadWrite)
FileAccess
FileAccess enumeration allows you to control the permission to access the FileStreams.
Some of the members included in the FileAccess enumerations are Read, ReadWrite, Write etc.
Conclusion
In this article, we found how to manage windows file operations using different file level operation commands. It allows you to set file permissions, modes, access and sharing of files using VB.NET environment.
- File System Management and its uses
- File Permissions
- File modes, File Access, File Shares
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